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The Impact of Arabic Orthography on Literacy and Economic Development in Afghanistan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
1-12
Received:
15 October 2018
Accepted:
8 November 2018
Published:
31 January 2019
Abstract: Currently, Pashto and Dari (Afghan Persian), the two official languages, and other Afghan languages are written in modified Arabic alphabets. Persian adopted the Arabic alphabets in the ninth century, and Pashto, in sixteenth century CE. This article looks at how the Arabic Orthography has hindered Literacy and Economic development in Afghanistan. The article covers a comprehensive analysis of Arabic Orthography adopted for writing Dari and Pashto, a study of the proposed Arabic Language reforms, and research conducted about reading and writing difficulty in Arabic script by Arab intellectuals. The study shows how adopting modified Latin alphabets for a language can improve literacy level which further plays its part in the economic development of a country. The article dives into the history of Romanization of languages in the Islamic World and its impact on Literacy and economic development in those countries. Romanization of the Afghan Official languages and its possible impact on Literacy, Economy, and Peace in Afghanistan is discussed. Proposed Latin-based Alphabets are introduced for Dari and Pashto languages and factors that may facilitate or hinder the implementation of a Latin-based script in Afghanistan are explained at the end of the article. Romanization, referred to in this article, means converting to Roman script, also called Latin-based script, the alphabets of a language currently written in orthography other than the Latin.
Abstract: Currently, Pashto and Dari (Afghan Persian), the two official languages, and other Afghan languages are written in modified Arabic alphabets. Persian adopted the Arabic alphabets in the ninth century, and Pashto, in sixteenth century CE. This article looks at how the Arabic Orthography has hindered Literacy and Economic development in Afghanistan. ...
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The Track of History: Finance and National Governance in Ancient China
Jierui Jia,
Junyang Li,
Ke Gao
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
13-18
Received:
11 February 2019
Published:
28 April 2019
Abstract: Finance was an old category. Finance emerged as a result of the emergence of the human community and public needs. Ancient Chinese finance included the thought of loving the people, and also had a complete system of budget, tax, social security, financial management and supervision. These systems were conducive to the allocation of resources, the development of public economy, the circulation of commodities and the fight against usury. Finance is a comprehensive category across political, economic, legal, social, cultural and military fields, and an important tool for national governance. In many historical periods, fiscal reform was the forerunner of social reform. But ancient Chinese finance developed in a highly centralized environment. The supremacy of the imperial power led to the obvious characteristic of “the rule by man”. The corruption of the feudalistic bureaucratic system led to the implementation deviation of fiscal policy. The totalitarian system led to the imbalance between intergovernmental relations. Contemporary China should establish a modern fiscal and taxation system that is in line with the requirements of the market economy, handle the relations between the central government and local governments properly, and encourage citizens to participate extensively in the reform of the country.
Abstract: Finance was an old category. Finance emerged as a result of the emergence of the human community and public needs. Ancient Chinese finance included the thought of loving the people, and also had a complete system of budget, tax, social security, financial management and supervision. These systems were conducive to the allocation of resources, the d...
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Implementation of Good University Governance Policy in State Islamic Institute (IAIN) in Indonesia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
19-27
Received:
18 February 2019
Accepted:
10 April 2019
Published:
7 May 2019
Abstract: Good University Governance (GUG) is a concept adopted from Good Corporate Governance (GCG). At present, the study of Corporate Governance is a concept that has been implemented by large companies and is not a new issue when compared to the issue of University Governance, because previous studies on Good University Governance are still poorly publicized. The study of University Governance is not preceded by an important event about the bankruptcy of a college. Some researchers argue that Corporate Governance plays an important role in the supervision of companies related to corruption and bankruptcy cases. Likewise, the study of university governance makes an important contribution to the managers of higher education as one of the references in managing higher education institutions. This study asks how the policy implementation in the IAIN environment is from the perspective of Good University Governance (GUG). The approach used in this study is qualitative, namely interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. Meanwhile, the sample is a number of leading sectors in the State Islamic Institute in Indonesia. The scope of the results of this study on non-academic covers three fields, namely the financial reporting system and financial performance standardization have not been conducted by a review, human resource management has not been reviewed and standardized performance and work performance, and management of State Property.
Abstract: Good University Governance (GUG) is a concept adopted from Good Corporate Governance (GCG). At present, the study of Corporate Governance is a concept that has been implemented by large companies and is not a new issue when compared to the issue of University Governance, because previous studies on Good University Governance are still poorly public...
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Teaching Soft Skills to Secondary Students Through Internships
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
28-35
Received:
2 May 2019
Accepted:
5 June 2019
Published:
19 June 2019
Abstract: Internships are important for secondary students so they may develop academic, social, and decision-making skills that will be applicable in the real world. Secondary students acquire internships in the summer with organizations or universities, but the learning outcomes are unclear. This qualitative study determined if secondary student interns develop academic and social growth through a two-week summer engineering internship. This internship required secondary students to work as classroom assistants with teachers learning engineering curricula to teach to K-12 students. The secondary students assisted in the classroom with CAD drawing, programming and constructing robotics and animatronics. The objective of the student intern program was to give these interns an authentic experience on a college campus with the necessary tools and skills, so that these students will choose to attend university and major in an engineering field. Within the internship, daily one-hour workshops took place with a focus on developing soft skills. The workshops ranged from intern roles, professional communication, interview process and skills, how to write a resume, how to apply for college, financial aid and scholarships, and college experience. The results from this study show students do develop soft skills, such as communication and public speaking, new knowledge gained, and confidence through the internship learning environment.
Abstract: Internships are important for secondary students so they may develop academic, social, and decision-making skills that will be applicable in the real world. Secondary students acquire internships in the summer with organizations or universities, but the learning outcomes are unclear. This qualitative study determined if secondary student interns de...
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